Identifier: examinationofu00saxe (find matches)
Title: Examination of the urine; a manual for students and practitioners
Year: 1909 (1900s)
Authors: Saxe, George Alexander De Santos, 1876-1911
Subjects: Urine
Publisher: Philadelphia and London, W. B. Saunders Company
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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s D and E; or the single line of reduced hemoglobin between D and E;or the four bands of methemoglobin, the latter giving a dark band in thered between C and D if the reaction of the urine is acid (Fig. 28). The spectrum of hematin is rarely seen, and is difficult to distinguishfrom that of methemeglobin. If the urine is rendered strongly alkalineby ammonium hydrate, and if ammonium sulphid be added, the spectrumof reduced hemoglobin will appear with two bands between D and E,like oxyhemoglobin, only a little nearer to the green. Hematoporphyrin (C16Hl8N203), discovered in 1871by Hoppe-Seyler, is a derivative of hemoglobin and ispresent in traces in normal urine. It is identical with 198 EXAMINATION OF THE URINE iron-free hematin. A urine containing this substance isopaque and almost black, or, in a thin layer, reddish-brown. Clinically it is important when present in largeamounts. It has been seen in increased quantities inleprosy, acute articular rheumatism, pulmonary tubercu- 0 170
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a /3 Fig. 29.—Spectrum of hematoporphyrin: a, Acid; b, alkaline; c, neutral;d, metallic spectrum. losis, pleurisy with effusion, etc. It is increased by the useof large doses of sulphonal, trional, or tetronal; in lead-poisoning; in intestinal tuberculosis, and in certain nervousdiseases. It can be detected only by the spectroscope, thealkaline solution presenting a four-banded spectrum which BLOOD-PIGMENTS I99 is most characteristic (Fig. 29). Its isolation is trouble-some. Melanin is a pigment sometimes found in urine incases of melanotic cancer or sarcoma. It occurs usuallyin solution of the urine or in small black particles. Urinecontaining this pigment is normal in appearance whenfreshly voided, but on exposure to air it becomes brown orblack. The pigment is eliminated in the form of a chro-mogen—melanogen—which becomes oxidized to melanin,probably in the liver, although this is still a matter of dis-cussion. Melanin has also been observed very rarely insevere wasting condi

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